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| 1852 |
| | | France demands that Turkey should end Russia's exclusive control of the Christian Holy Places in the Ottoman empire | |
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| 1853 |
| | | Russia occupies two Ottoman principalities, Moldavia and Wallachia, on the west coast of the Black Sea | |
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| 1853 |
| | | In the expectation of British and French support, the Ottoman sultan declares war on Russia - launching the Crimean War | |
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| 1854 |
| | | Britain and France enter the war between Turkey and Russia, on the Turkish side | |
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| 1855 |
| | | After a siege of nearly a year the Russians abandon Sebastopol, but the Turkish alliance is too exhausted to pursue the conflict | |
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| 1870 |
| | | The Turkish sultan finally allows the Christians of Bulgaria to have their own Orthodox patriarch | |
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| 1876 |
| | | Turkish irregular soldiers, the ferocious bashibazouks, massacre some 15,000 Bulgarian civilians | |
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| 1876 |
| | | William Gladstone's pamphlet Bulgarian Horrors, protesting at massacre by the Turks, sells 200,000 copies within a month | |
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| 1878 |
| | | A congress in Berlin agrees that Austria may administer the Turkish province of Bosnia-Herzegovina | |
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| 1885 |
| | | A secret revolutionary group (Union and Progress, later known as the Young Turks) is formed in Salonika in the Ottoman empire | |
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